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QUID: why some ingredients carry a percentage and others do not

The quantitative ingredient declaration is the rule that puts a number next to an ingredient. Knowing when it is triggered tells you what to look for.

The label9 min read
The short answer

A quantitative ingredient declaration, universally called QUID, is the percentage that has to appear next to certain ingredients. It is triggered when an ingredient appears in the name of the food, when it is emphasised on the label in words or pictures, or when it is essential to characterise the food. That is why some products carry percentages and apparently similar ones do not, and it makes QUID the most direct check available on a front-of-pack impression.

What QUID is

QUID is short for quantitative ingredient declaration. It is the requirement in food information law that the quantity of certain ingredients, or categories of ingredient, used in the manufacture or preparation of a food is declared as a percentage.

Its function is precise and narrow. Where a label draws attention to an ingredient, QUID makes the label state how much of that ingredient is there. It converts an impression into a number, which is why it is the most useful single mechanism on a back panel for a shopper testing a front panel.

The percentage is expressed at the time of use of the ingredients, on the same basis as the ingredients list itself. That means QUID inherits the input weight convention and its consequences.

The three triggers

QUID is not a general obligation to quantify everything. It is triggered in defined circumstances, and knowing them explains almost every apparent inconsistency between packs.

The ingredient appears in the name of the food. If the product is named after an ingredient, that ingredient has to be quantified. This is the most common trigger and the easiest to spot.

The ingredient is emphasised on the label in words, pictures or graphics. Emphasis is the broad one. A photograph of an ingredient on the front, a large flash naming it, a decorative illustration: all of these can constitute emphasis and pull the ingredient into the QUID obligation. This is the trigger that most rewards attention, because a pack that leans heavily on an image is a pack that usually has to state a number.

The ingredient is essential to characterise the food and to distinguish it from products with which it might be confused. This trigger deals with cases where the name and imagery are silent but the ingredient is what makes the product the kind of thing it is.

Where none of these applies, no percentage is required, and the absence of a number is not a signal of anything. It simply means the label did not draw attention to that ingredient in a way that engaged the rule.

When a percentage has to appear
Situation on the packPercentage requiredWhy
Ingredient named in the product nameYesName trigger
Ingredient shown in a front-of-pack photographUsuallyEmphasis in pictures or graphics
Ingredient named in a large front-of-pack flashUsuallyEmphasis in words
Ingredient essential to what the food isYesCharacterising ingredient trigger
Ingredient used in a small quantity for flavouringGenerally noSpecific exemption in the rules
Ingredient present but not mentioned or picturedNoNo trigger engaged

Structure set out by this newsroom from the published rules named in the sources below. It is not a survey, a measurement or a market study.

The exemptions, which are real

There are defined situations where QUID does not apply even though one of the triggers appears to be present. They exist because a percentage would be misleading or meaningless in those cases.

Ingredients used in small quantities for flavouring purposes are treated differently, because a percentage would suggest a significance the ingredient does not have by weight. Ingredients whose quantity is already governed by a specific rule may be handled under that rule instead. Where the name of a food refers to a category of ingredient rather than a specific one, the treatment differs again. And where variations in quantity do not affect the character of the food, or where the food is a mixture in which no ingredient predominates, different provisions apply.

The point for a reader is not to memorise the exemptions, but to know they exist, so that a missing percentage is read as a rules question rather than as evasion.

What a QUID number means and what it does not

A QUID figure is a proportion of the total recipe by input weight. Several things follow.

It is not a proportion of the finished product where processing removes mass. A product that loses water during cooking will contain a higher final proportion of the declared ingredient than the QUID figure suggests. Conversely, a product to which water is added will contain a lower final proportion than the input figure implies. The direction of the difference depends on the process.

It is not a statement about the form of the ingredient. An ingredient can be declared at a given percentage whether it entered as fresh, dried, concentrated, purée, powder or paste, subject to the specific rules on how each is expressed. The ingredients list is the place to see which form was used, and the two should be read together.

It is not a quality signal. A higher percentage of a named ingredient tells you about the composition of the recipe and nothing about how the product tastes, how it performs, or whether it suits you. This publication does not rank foods and does not treat a higher number as a better one.

Using QUID to compare two products

QUID is at its most powerful in a like-for-like comparison, and at its weakest across categories.

Two products of the same type, named after the same ingredient, with QUID figures declared on the same basis, are directly comparable on that one dimension. This is the comparison the rule is best suited to, and it is a genuinely useful one to make on a shelf.

Two products of different types are not comparable this way, because the processing differs, the basis of the declaration may differ, and the ingredient may be doing a different job in each. A percentage lifted out of its product context is not a number that travels.

A third case is worth noting: two products where one declares a percentage and the other does not. That difference usually means the labels emphasise different things, not that one contains more. Absence of a QUID figure is absence of a trigger.

Why the rule is designed this way

It would be simpler for readers if every ingredient carried a percentage. The reason the rule is targeted instead is a trade-off between information and enforceability.

Full quantification of every ingredient on every pack would expose complete recipes, which manufacturers treat as commercially sensitive, and would create a very large compliance and verification burden for a marginal gain on the ingredients that nobody is drawing attention to. The targeted rule concentrates the obligation exactly where the potential to mislead is highest, which is the ingredient the pack itself has chosen to promote.

Read that way, QUID is not a partial disclosure rule that fell short. It is a rule aimed squarely at the gap between what a pack implies and what a recipe contains, and it is the most direct tool a shopper has for closing that gap.

Where this stops

QUID is a compositional declaration and nothing more. It carries no nutritional meaning, it is not a health indicator, and a percentage should not be read as a verdict on a food. Anything touching diet, allergy or a medical condition belongs with the NHS or a registered dietitian, not with a percentage on a pack.

Elsewhere on Feedworthy. What a food hygiene rating covers, and what it does not. Own label tiers: how a retailer's own range is constructed.

Common questions

Why does one product show a percentage and a similar one does not?

Because QUID is triggered by what the label does, not by what the recipe contains. If one pack names or pictures an ingredient and the other does not, only the first engages the rule. A missing percentage means no trigger applied, not that the quantity is low.

Is the QUID percentage the amount in the finished product?

No. It is calculated at the time the ingredient was used, on the same basis as the ingredients list. Where processing removes or adds water, the proportion in the finished food will differ from the declared figure, and the direction depends on the process.

Can a picture on the front of a pack trigger a percentage declaration?

Yes. Emphasis in pictures or graphics is one of the triggers, alongside emphasis in words and inclusion in the name of the food. A pack built around a photograph of an ingredient will usually have to declare how much of it is present.

Does a higher percentage mean a better product?

It means a different recipe. It carries no information about taste, nutrition, quality or suitability, and this publication does not rate foods. What a higher percentage does allow is a genuine like-for-like comparison between two products of the same type.

Where is the percentage usually printed?

Immediately after the ingredient name in the ingredients list, though it may also appear next to the name of the food or in close proximity to it, depending on which trigger applies and how the label is laid out.

Sources

Links to regulators, legislation and official guidance. They are cited because they are public and verifiable, not as an endorsement of this article. Where any subject reaches diet or health, the NHS and a registered dietitian are the right sources rather than this publication.

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